9 Feb 25

Priorslee Balancing Lake and The Flash

4.0°C > 6.0°C: More unremitting low overcast, sufficiently low to give mist and drizzle early. Moderate north-east wind. Poor visibility, moderate later.

Sunrise: 07:38 GMT

The dull weather made this morning more of an exercise challenge than a bird-watch. Numbers are probably more unreliable than usual.

* = a species photographed today

Priorslee Balancing Lake: 06:40 – 09:15

(33rd visit of the year)

Bird notes:
- a drake Pochard new in to join the two ducks.
- I did not see the pair of Great Crested Grebe – just a single bird with well-developed head plumes.
- many fewer large gulls today with the first arriving 07:23. A higher proportion of Herring Gulls, mainly immatures.

Bird(s) noted flying over here:
- 2 Wood Pigeons
- 2 Herring Gulls
- 5 Jackdaws

Counts from the lake area:
- 15 Canada Geese
- 2 Mute Swans
- 4 (2♂) Gadwall
- 4 (2♂) Mallard
- 3 (1♂) Pochard
- 13 (9♂) Tufted Duck
- 10 Moorhens
- 111 Coots
- 1 Great Crested Grebe
- c.80 Black-headed Gulls
- 18 Herring Gulls
- 39 Lesser Black-backed Gulls
- 1 Cormorant: arrived
- 1 Grey Heron
- 1 Great (White) Egret
- 1 Kingfisher

Street Lamp Poles
Nothing noted on the street lamp poles pre dawn:

Telford Sailing Club
The area around Telford Sailing Club HQ visited later.
2 'black slugs'

Noted later:
Nothing

New Bird Species
No additions to the bird species on my site for here in 2025

Taken c.09:00 this was as good as it got at the lake.

This is probably not, as suggested by Obsidentify, a "Grey Seal"! Google Lens was slightly more helpful: "Slug". I'll go with that. One of two very different-looking slugs on a wall of the Telford Sailing Club HQ after it was "light".

(Ed Wilson)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The Flash: 09:20 – 10:35

(31st visit of the year)

Bird notes:
- Friday's dead Canada Goose still present.
- some of the Pochard seem to have moved out.
- yesterday there were, as so often, more drake than duck Tufted Duck: today I noted more ducks than drakes. Have they really been moving between waters during this quiet weather?
-* three Shoveler again. I am now convinced they are all drakes: two adults and one immature.

Bird(s) noted flying over here:
None

Noted on / around the water:
- 24 Canada Geese: one of these Friday's dead bird, still present
- 4 Mute Swans
- *3 (3♂) Shoveler
- 42 (29♂) Mallard
- *1 (1♂) feral Mallard cross?
- 1 (1♂) Pochard
- 62 (30♂) Tufted Duck
- 18 Moorhens
- 31 Coots
- 57 Black-headed Gulls
- 3 Herring Gulls: one adult; two immatures
- 1 Cormorant

Noted elsewhere:

Fungus:
- *Velvet Shank Flammulina velutipes; also known as Velvet Foot and Winter Fungus

New Bird Species
No additions to the bird species on my site for here in 2025:

The three Shoveler are still present. I am now sure the bird on the right is an immature drake.

The puzzling drake hybrid that had been present all winter, now in full plumage – whatever that is. The curled tail feather mean it has Mallard genes as does the pale neck ring. The pale vertical marking at the front of the flanks is reminiscent of a drake Green-winged Teal (the New World equivalent the Old World Common Teal) and the green head marking is also Teal-like though if any Teal genes are present it hasn't affected the size of the bird which is the same as a regular Mallard. The flank markings are a strange mixture of duck-like rounded, dark-edged feathers at the front and drake-like vermiculations toward the rear. The bill markings do not obviously match any species being perhaps closest to a duck Gadwall. Anyone got a DNA kit?

I found this fungus protruding from a tree just inside the Priorslee Academy school grounds. Best to take the photo when the school is not in session. It is a Velvet Shank Flammulina velutipes; also known as Velvet Foot and Winter Fungus.

(Ed Wilson)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2012
Priorslee Lake
A juvenile Iceland Gull
2nd winter Iceland Gull
A juvenile Glaucous Gull
1st winter Greater Black-backed Gull
An adult Common Gull
(Ian Grant / Roger Clay / Martin Grant / Jim Almond / Paul King)

Ringed Birds
Today Roger Clay found 75 ringed birds. Only 12 of these had he seen on previous days before. There were:
- 3 from Iceland
- 3 from Netherlands
- 3 Still to be checked and the remaining ringed birds were all from the UK
(Roger Clay)

2006
Priorslee Lake
9 Great Crested Grebes
2 Gadwall
11 Pochard
40 Tufted Ducks
144 Coots
2 Water Rails
88 Lapwing
c.500 Black-headed Gulls
63 Lesser Black-backed Gull
27 Herring Gulls.
Kestrel
Sparrowhawk
c.45 Fieldfares and Redwing
450 Jackdaws
259 Rooks
250 Starling
19 Robins
16 Blackbirds
10 Song Thrushes
12 Greenfinches
33 Siskin
8 Reed Buntings
(Ed Wilson)

8 Feb 25

Priorslee Balancing Lake and The Flash

2.0°C > 3.0°C: Unremitting low overcast. Occasional spots of rain. Lighter north-east wind. Moderate visibility.

Sunrise: 07:40 GMT

Very quiet in the dull conditions.

* = a species photographed today

Priorslee Balancing Lake: 06:35 – 09:25

(32nd visit of the year)

Bird notes:
Another change in the gull behaviour:
- the first of c.70 Lesser Black-backed Gulls and five Herring Gulls started arriving at the much later time of 07:19 (06:45 yesterday). These had all gone by 07:35. Later another c.75 Lesser Black-backed Gulls arrived with c.30 Herring Gulls (mainly immatures) and a single Yellow-legged adult.
- a group of c.30 Black-headed Gulls quickly followed the first Lesser Black-backed Gull at 07:20 and were the first to settle on the water. Eventually c.85 of this species were present.

Bird(s) noted flying over here:
- 7 Wood Pigeons
- 2 Herring Gulls
- 16 Lesser Black-backed Gulls
- 4 Jackdaws
- 8 Rooks
- 1 Greenfinch

Counts from the lake area:
- 11 Canada Geese
- 2 Mute Swans
- 6 (3♂) Gadwall
- 5 (4♂) Mallard
- 2 (0♂) Pochard
- *24 (16♂) Tufted Duck
- 8 Moorhens
- 115 Coots
- *3 Great Crested Grebes
- *c.50 Black-headed Gulls
- >85 Herring Gulls
- *1 Yellow-legged Gull
- *c.150 Lesser Black-backed Gulls
- 1 Grey Heron
- 1 Great (White) Egret:

Street Lamp Poles
Nothing noted on the street lamp poles pre dawn:

Telford Sailing Club
The area around Telford Sailing Club HQ not visited.

Noted later:
Nothing

New Bird Species
No additions to the bird species on my site for here in 2025

Two sleeping drake Tufted Ducks seem unmoved by the displaying pair of Great Crested Grebes. No weed-dance seen today. What I assume are this same pair were noted in many locations around the water. There is another single bird also with head plumes present: it was keeping well away from the pair.

I think I may have labelled the wrong gull as a Yellow-legged Gull yesterday. It did look rather pale after I had (mis-)edited it. Here is a better example, clearly paler on the back than the Lesser Black-backed Gull on the right but darker than the Black-headed Gulls behind. Incidentally thanks to Tom Lowe for trying to keep me on the straight and narrow about Caspian Gulls. My suspected first winter last Friday was not pale-enough to pass the Caspian test. Just a Herring Gull sadly. Thanks

(Ed Wilson)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The Flash: 09:30 – 10:30

(30th visit of the year)

Bird notes:
- Yesterday's dead Canada Goose was still present in the same location alongside the west-side path. Keep all dogs away well from it.
- I only noted three of yesterday's ten Shoveler. Were any others hiding inside the island?

Bird(s) noted flying over here:
- 1 Cormorant

Noted on / around the water:
- 11 Canada Geese: one of theses yesterday's dead bird, still present
- 4 Mute Swans
- *3 (2♂?) Shoveler
- *41 (27♂) Mallard
- *3 (2♂) Pochard
- *64 (38♂) Tufted Duck
- 15 Moorhens
- 32 Coots
- 42 Black-headed Gulls
- 5 Herring Gulls: two adults; three immatures
- *1 Cormorant

Elsewhere:
Nothing of note

New Bird Species
No additions to the bird species on my site for here in 2025

Just three Shoveler were noted today – and here they are in typical pose with bills just under the water as they use them to filter out the morsels. The two on the left are clearly adult drakes: the white edges to the feathers folded across its back make me thing the right hand bird is an immature drake.

I couldn't resist this "quacky duck" even if the quality 'is not of the best' due to this morning's poor light. It is a duck Mallard and did you know it is only the ducks that make the loud quacking noise: the drakes make only much softer calls.

Yes well: all the diving ducks at bottom end decided to fly off. Here a drake Pochard flies by. With the shutter speed set to freeze the action I was never going to get any detail.

And so were Tufted Ducks – a drake in flight here.

And here is why they all flew off. A Cormorant was fishing and the ducks objected to its submarine antics.

A Goldfinch adding a touch of colour as it attacks Alder cones.

Another looks for inspiration.

(Ed Wilson)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2014
Priorslee Lake
Velvet Scoter
(Observer Unknown)

2013
Little Wenlock, Candles Landfill Site
1 Iceland Gull
(Tom Lowe)

2006
Priorslee Lake
1 Water Rail
c.1100 Black-headed Gulls
131 Lesser Black-backed Gulls
35 Herring Gulls
3 Great Black-backed Gulls
2 Gadwall
14 Pochard
42 Tufted Ducks
162 Coots
1 Water Rail
293 Jackdaw
105 Rook
c.120 Starling
27 Robins
18 Blackbirds
2 Willow Tits
8 Greenfinches
28 Siskins
2 Redpolls
19 Reed Buntings
(Ed Wilson)

7 Feb 25

Priorslee Balancing Lake and The Flash

3.0°C > 4.0°C: Medium overcast. A few breaks c.09:30 and then cloudy again. A few light spits and spots as I was leaving. Keen east-north-east wind. Very good visibility.

Sunrise: 07:42 GMT

* = a species photographed today

Priorslee Balancing Lake: 06:25 – 09:40

(31st visit of the year)

Bird notes:
- a second duck Pochard was seen today.
- gulls were very different again today. Large gulls were heard arriving as early as 06:45 with c.100 on the water by 06:55 and c.350 by 07:10. Groups continues to arrive until at least 07:40 when I estimated c.580 Lesser Black-backs and c.50 Herring Gulls. Later when the light was somewhat better I noted at least one Yellow-legged Gull and a possible Caspian Gull.
- in contrast to the 500+ Black-headed Gulls noted yesterday there were none before 07:40 and I only noted c.50 birds. There were more than this at The Flash later!
- no Rooks were seen flying North.
- *a single Raven flying East was new for me here this year.
- *a Cetti's Warbler was heard calling and then seen in the lake-side vegetation in the north-west area. Another bird was hopping around on the ground close-by and might have been another of the same species. I never had a clear-enough view to eliminate, say, a Wren. No calls were heard from this other bird.
- *a Treecreeper was heard calling at its roost site along the North side and later it, or another, was seen in the north-west area. Also new for me here this year.

Bird(s) noted flying over here:
- 1 Stock Dove
- *13 Wood Pigeons
- 2 Herring Gulls
- 5 Lesser Black-backed Gulls
- 51 Jackdaws
- 43 Rooks
- *1 Raven
- 1 Pied Wagtail

Counts from the lake area:
- 7 Canada Geese
- 2 Mute Swans
- 6 (3♂) Gadwall
- 5 (4♂) Mallard
- 2 (0♂) Pochard
- 24 (16♂) Tufted Duck
- 7 Moorhens
- 118 Coots
- 3 Great Crested Grebes
- c.50 Black-headed Gulls
- *>50 Herring Gulls
- *1 possible Caspian Gull
- *1 Yellow-legged Gull
- >580 Lesser Black-backed Gulls
- 1 Cormorant: arrived
- 1 Grey Heron
- 1 Great (White) Egret:

Street Lamp Poles
Noted on the street lamp poles pre dawn:

Flies:
- 1 winter cranefly Trichocera sp.

Telford Sailing Club
The area around Telford Sailing Club HQ not visited.

Noted later:
Nothing

New Bird Species
Two additions to the bird species on my site for here in 2025:
65 Treecreeper
66 Raven

A cloudy start.

A brief interlude of blue bits. No sun though.

A trio of Feral Pigeons strutting their stuff on Simon's roof. These are all 'blue morphs' with plumage closest to Rock Doves, their wild ancestors. I note that none of them has a ring so these are not Racing Pigeons.

I do not often photograph Wood Pigeons. This one flew my while I was photographing the gulls so I pointed the camera at it.

Those pesky gulls. This smart Herring-type is, I think, a Yellow-legged Gull, whereas...

...this beady-eyed individual might be a Caspian Gull.

An easier gull even if it is a first year. The extensive pale inner primaries, albeit enhanced by being fully spread, indicate it is a regular Herring Gull.

Another view of the same bird.

Do you ever get the feeling you are being watched? The Great (White) Egret seems to be keeping a close watch on me.

 I was only indirectly guilty of disturbing it. I flushed the Grey Heron and it was that who put the egret to flight.

The bill on this species looks dangerous but the feet look like something to steer clear of.

A distant Raven fly-over: my first this year here.

I was trying to see where the calling Cetti's Warbler was. Here is its reflection in the water!

Hiding away as usual. Was this all I was going to see?

Amazingly out it popped for a great view only slightly spoilt by an out-of-focus reed across the base of its tail.

And the other side. In the three and half years this bird (or similar!) has been present this is only the third time I have managed a photo and these are by far the best.

A few photos of a Treecreeper in poor light so the photo editor has been busy. Note the strong feet for climbing and the curved bill for...

...getting in the nooks and crannies for goodies.

Where next?

Another crack there?

(Ed Wilson)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The Flash: 09:45 – 10:45

(29th visit of the year)

No ice remains

Bird notes:
- *Yesterday's Canada Goose that I noted lying on its side in the water but seemed to recover was, I presume, the dead individual alongside the west-side path this morning. Since it is possibly an avian flu casualty I have already reported it to the council. Keep all dogs away well from it.
- a report of an additional Mute Swan present again. It had departed before I arrived.
- *a surprise was a group of ten Shoveler. My first here this year.
- just one duck Pochard noted. Again two drakes noted.
- at least one Siskin was noted at a feeder in Westcroft Walk.

Bird(s) noted flying over here:
- 1 Stock Dove
- 1 Lesser Black-backed Gull
- *1 Sparrowhawk

Noted on / around the water:
- *14 Canada Geese: one of these dead – see notes
- 4 Mute Swans: [but an extra bird was reported as being chased away earlier]
- *10 (7♂?) Shoveler
- 29 (21♂) Mallard
- 3 (2♂) Pochard
- 65 (34♂) Tufted Duck
- 15 Moorhens
- 32 Coots
- 61 Black-headed Gulls
- 3 Herring Gulls: two adults; one second year
- 1 Cormorant

Elsewhere:
Nothing of note

New Bird Species
One addition to the bird species on my site for here in 2025:
50 Shoveler

Do not go near this dead Canada Goose and keep dogs away. It could well be an avian flu casualty. I have informed the environmental people at the council.

All ten of the newly-arrived Shovelers are seen here.

Four of the them here. Two obvious drakes with red-brown flanks. I am not 100% sure about the sex of the left-most bird: it looks superficially like a duck apart from the pale area at the base of the bill. That is characteristic of a drake in 'eclipse' (moult) plumage. I would have expected first year drakes to have acquired more of the adult features by this date.

And another three. What is clearly a drake on the left. The bird bottom right is another drake still coming in to plumage – note the dark head, the rufous tinge to the flanks and the white edging to the feathers on the back. The bird top eight is also a drake I suspect: the rufous tinge to the flanks and the pale area at the base of the bill.

Top marks if you can identify this as...

...male Sparrowhawk. A male because of the rufous tones on the upper breast. Here twisting its tail as it manoeuvres.

An even better view that required much photo-editing to show the feature from a photo in dull conditions.

I don't normally take photos of birds at feeders. However this allows me to show the yellow rump of a male Siskin – something that is hard to do when they are high up in the trees feeding on Alder cones.

No stopping a Robin from tucking in!

(Ed Wilson)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2014
Priorslee Lake
1 Velvet Scoter
3 Scaup
9 Pochard
9 Lesser Black-backed Gulls
c80 Black-headed Gulls
(Gary Crowder)

Telford Central Railway Station
35 Redwing
(Gary Crowder)

Horsehay Pool
1 Caspian Gull
(Tom Lowe)

2013
Little Wenlock, Candles Landfill Site:
2 Glaucous Gulls
1 Caspian Gull
(Kris Webb)

2012
Priorslee Lake
4 Great Crested Grebes
15 Pochard
54 Tufted Duck
c.1200 Black-headed Gulls
1 Common Gull
c.420 Lesser Black-backed Gulls
c.30 Herring Gulls
2 Great Black-backed Gulls
(Ed Wilson)

Priorslee Flash
10 Pochard
47 Tufted Duck
(Ed Wilson)

Trench Lock
2 Little Grebes
30 Tufted Duck
(Ed Wilson)

2011
Priorslee Lake
3 Pochard
6 Goosanders
4 Pale Brindled Beauty moths
(Ed Wilson)

2007
Priorslee Lake
34 Greylag Geese
9 Pochard
56 Tufted Ducks
1 Water Rail
775 Black-headed Gulls
488 Lesser Black-backed Gulls
3 Herring Gull
1 Great Black-backed Gull
28 Robins
19 Blackbirds
8 Song Thrushes
1 Redwing
1 Willow Tit
41 Magpies
250 Jackdaws
100 Rooks
4 Greenfinches
2 Reed Buntings
(Ed Wilson)

2006
Priorslee Lake
2 Gadwall
22 Pochard
63 Tufted Ducks
164 Coots
600 Wood Pigeons
c.1300 Black-headed Gulls
84 Lesser Black-backed Gulls
9 Herring Gulls
21 Robins
24 Blackbirds
9 Song Thrushes
3 Willow Tits
11 Greenfinches
15 Siskins
17 Reed Buntings
(Ed Wilson)

6 Feb 25

Priorslee Balancing Lake and The Flash

0.0°C > 3.0°C: Clear and frosty. Almost calm. Very good visibility if a bit hazy.

Sunrise: 07:43 GMT

* = a species photographed today

I should not really complain about the sun shining in my eyes but it did make things challenging at times.

Priorslee Balancing Lake: 06:25 – 09:25

(30th visit of the year)

Bird notes:
- four unidentified ducks circled overhead for more than five minutes at 07:05. These seemed to be Mallard-sized dabbling ducks and indeed they may have been Mallard though it would be unusual for this species not to visit. I heard no calls.
- a duck Pochard seen again. Did I overlook it yesterday? I thought it might have been the extra duck seen at The Flash yesterday but there were two extra there today.
- gulls were all over the place. By 06:55 there were >250 gulls circling around and around. These seemed to be c.100 Black-headed Gulls and c.150 large gulls. These continued to circle until c.07:15 when perhaps as many as 500 Black-headed Gulls began to settle on and around the south-west grass. Some of the large gulls had begin to leave to the north-east without having settled before more(?) arrived from the North with at least 250 eventually settling.
- as yesterday a group of Rooks was seen flying North. One more than yesterday and 55 minutes earlier at 07:05. I noted very few Jackdaws on their south-east bound roost dispersal routes.
- a Mistle Thrush was in trees alongside Teece Drive. No song was heard.

Bird(s) noted flying over here:
- 4 unidentified ducks: see notes
- 18 Wood Pigeons
- 2 Herring Gulls
- 4 Lesser Black-backed Gulls
- 14 Jackdaws
- 82 Rooks

Counts from the lake area:
- 22 Canada Geese
- 4 Mute Swans: two additional sub-adults, briefly
- 4 (2♂) Gadwall
- 9 (6♂) Mallard
- 1 (0♂) Pochard
- 19 (7♂) Tufted Duck
- 2 Moorhens
- 127 Coots
- 3 Great Crested Grebes
- c.500 Black-headed Gulls
- >26 Herring Gulls
- >1 Yellow-legged Gull
- *c.250 Lesser Black-backed Gulls
- 3 Cormorants: departed separately; did not see any of these arrive!
- 1 Grey Heron
- 1 Great (White) Egret:

Street Lamp Poles
Nothing noted on the street lamp poles pre dawn:
Another blank morning with all poles well frosted

Telford Sailing Club
The area around Telford Sailing Club HQ not visited.

Noted later:
Nothing

New Bird Species
No additions to the bird species on my site for here in 2025

A calm and clear start. Cold though.

The shaded trailing edge to the under wing identify this as a Lesser Black-backed Gull. They are supposed to have yellow legs and while the legs are a different shade to the pink feet they hardly look yellow. The extent of black on the bill may suggest this is not a full adult which could explain the leg colour.

On the other hand the upper view shows no hint of dark feathers in the tail which might indicate it is not yet a full adult.

Here the upper wing-tip markings are well shown. The outer primary has an extensive white to the tip. The next inboard primary has a small white tip and a white area, known as a 'mirror'.

A Long-tailed Tit of course.

A Song Thrush pausing for breath between bouts of song. I noted only eight in song this morning – there were 12 in the milder conditions yesterday.

A male Siskin with a gleam in his eye.

Plane of the day. This Raj Hamsa X'Air was operating from the airstrip at Shifnal. It is an Indian design for amateur assembly. I suspect I have shown this aircraft previously though it has recently changed registered owner from a St Georges address to one in Forton.

(Ed Wilson)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The Flash: 09:30 – 10:30

(28th visit of the year)

About 5% ice, mainly at the bottom end.

Bird notes:
- Just after I set off to walk around I noted a Canada Goose lying on its side in the water. I initially assumed it was dead. But then I remembered that one of the signs of avian flu is the inability of a bird to hold its head up. So I went back to check. Could I see the bird again? What was that all about?
- strangely it was last year's Mute Swan cygnets that were giving chase to the departing sub-adult visitor. Presumably it was just a co-incidence that two had briefly visited the Balancing Lake an hour or so earlier?
- now a third duck Pochard. But only two drakes noted.
- *a Common Buzzard was sitting in trees on the island. I cannot recall seeing one do this. I am surprised the Magpies did not chase it away.
- my first Blackbird song of the year for this site was noted.

Bird(s) noted flying over here:
- 1 Jackdaw

Noted on / around the water:
- 34 Canada Geese
- 5 Mute Swans: an extra sub-adult seen departing
- 31 (20♂) Mallard
- 5 (2♂) Pochard
- *67 (36♂) Tufted Duck
- 14 Moorhens
- 30 Coots
- 32 Black-headed Gulls
- *4 Herring Gulls: three adults; one first year
- 1 Cormorant

Of note elsewhere:
Nothing

New Bird Species
No additions to the bird species on my site for here in 2025:

The extra and sub-adult Mute Swan departing.

Magnificent!

A reflective duck Tufted Duck.

Another duck stirring the water and preventing a decent reflection.

A complaining adult Herring Gull. The outer primary on this species has a small white tip and a large white mirror.

A different view.

 Looking rather aggressive as it prepares to...

...touch down. No doubting that this species has pink legs (and feet).

I took this distant shot of this adult Herring Gull chasing a first winter bird as to my eyes the immature bird looked smaller. The camera proves that my eyes were deceiving me.

Trying to hide (probably from the Magpies) in trees on the island was a Common Buzzard.

(Ed Wilson)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2014
Priorslee Lake
2 Scaup
5 Great Black-backed Gulls - 4 adult and a 1st winter
(John Isherwood)

2013
Priorslee Lake
1st winter Caspian Gull
6 Great Black-backed Gulls
(John Isherwood)

2012
Priorslee Lake
2 adult Caspian Gulls
10+ Yellow-legged gulls (most adults and 3rd-winters, at least 1 1st-winter)
10 Great Black-backed Gulls
(J W Reeves)

2011
Priorslee Lake
Adult Mediterranean Gull
Pair of Brambling
(Ed Wilson)

2010
Priorslee Lake
Evening Report
An adult winter Ring-billed Gull at about 3:15pm
3 adult Common Gulls
(Ed Wilson)

Daytime Report
4 Common Gull
2 adult Yellow-legged Gull
1 adult Great Black-backed Gull
Black-necked Grebe
1 Snipe
(Jason, Pete Jordan and Ian & Jim)